Amakuru y’ingenzi ku ndwara iterwa na virus ya MARBURG

Hitamwo ururimi wifuza

Ibisohokayandikiro

Rwanda travel advisory: MARBURG virus disease update

Guidelines -Abajyanama b’Ubuzima – MVD

Guidelines for prevention of Marburg Virus Disease

Marburg ni iki?

Igisobanuro: Marburg ni indwara iterwa na virusi ya Marburg yandura vuba kandi yica.

Aho yagaragaye bwa mbere: Mu mujyi wa Marburg mu gihugu cy’uBudage mu mwaka wa 1967, ari naho yakomoye izina.

Ibimenyetso

Umuriro ukabije (hejuru ya 38°C)

Umutwe ukabije

Kubabara imikaya

Ibirutsi birimo amaraso

Impiswi zirimo amaraso

Umunaniro

● Uburyo butaziguye: Ikwirakwizwa mu gukora mu matembabuzi harimo amaraso, amacandwe,ibirutsi, inkari, ibimyira, ibyuya, umusarani by’uwanduye iyi virusi.
● Uburyo buziguye: Ikwarakwizwa mu gukora ku bintu nk’ibiryamirwa, imyenda,imikondo y’inzugi n’ahantu amatembabuzi y’uyirwaye yageze.
● Abarwayi badafite ibimenyetso: Abarwayi bataragaragaza ibimenyetso bagira ibyago bike byo kwanduza.

Ibindi Bimenyetso

Igihe ibimenyetso bitangira kugaragara: hagati y’iminsi 2 na 21 nyuma yo kwandura.

Igihe virusi ya Marburg imara ku bintu: Virusi ya Marburg imara hagati y’iminsi 4 na 5 ku bintu.

Uko ivurwa

Amakuru agezweho: Virusi ya Marburg nta muti uzwi ifite,gusa kuri ubu hari urukingo rw’ubutabazi rurimo guhabwa abantu bari mu bibasiwe kurusha abandi.
Uko umurwayi yitabwaho: Umurwayi wa Virusi ya Marburg ahabwa ubuvuzi bufasha guhangana n’ibimenyetso.
Kugenzura abahuye n’umurwayi: Abahuye n’uwanduye virusi ya Marburg barashakishwa bakanakurikiranwa.

Ingamba zo kwirinda Marburg

Gukaza ingamba z’isuku zo gukaraba intoki kenshi n’amazi meza n’isabune no gukoresha imiti isukura intoki (Hand Sanitizer)
Kwirinda kwegerena n’umurwayi ufite ibimenyetso.
Kwirinda gusuhuzanya abantu bakoranaho cyangwa bahoberana ndetse no kwirinda kujya ahantu hahurira abantu benshi.
Kwirinda gukora ku mubiri w’umuntu wapfuye azize Virusi ya Marburg.
Ambara ibikoresho byabugenewe mu gihe wita ku murwayi wa Marburg.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kwibazwa

Ndwara Ya MARBURG N’ibisubizo Byabyo

Marburg ni indwara ki?

Marburg ni indwara ikomeye kandi ishobora guhitana ubuzima bw’uyirwaye ikaba iterwa na virusi na yo yitwa Marburg. Yagaragaye bwa mbere mu mujyi wa Marburg mu gihugu cy’Ubudage ahagana mu mwaka wa 1967.

Ni ryari iyi ndwara yagaragaye mu Rwanda?

Umuntu wa mbere yagaragaweho virusi ya Marburg mu Rwanda ku itariki 27 Nzeli 2024.

Virusi ya Marburg yandura ite?

Virusi ya Marburg yandura binyuze mu gukora ku matembabuzi cyangwa amaraso by’umuntu uyirwaye cyangwa mu gukora ku bintu n’ahantu ayo matembabuzi yageze. Umuntu wanduye Marburg ariko akaba ataragaragaza ibimenyetso ntabwo aba afite ibyago byinshi byo kwanduza.

Virus ya Marburg imara igihe kingana gite ku bikoresho by’umuntu uyirwaye?

Virusi ya Marburg ishobora kuguma ku bikoresho byakoreshejwe n’uyirwaye cyangwa ahandi hantu ikahamara igihe kiri hagati y’iminsi 4 n’iminsi 5.

Kwambara agapfukamunwa cyangwa uturindantoki bifasha mu gukumira Marburg?

N’ubwo agapfukamunwa n’uturindantoki bishobora gufasha mu gukumira indwara zitandukanye, ntabwo ibi bikoresho byombi ari ngombwa mu gukumira ubwandu bwa Marburg. Virusi ya Marburg yandurira mu gukora ku matembabuzi y’uyirwaye, itandukanye na virusi ya Covid19 ishobora kwandurira mu mwuka.

Ese indwara ya Marburg yica uwayanduye ku ruhe rugero?

Indwara ya Marburg yica uwayanduye ku kigero cya 50%. Ariko mu byorezo by’iyi ndwara biheruka kugaragara yahitanye abayanduye ku kigero kiri hagati ya 24 na 90%. Kugana ivuriro mu maguru mashya, byongera cyane amahirwe yo gukira.

Ibimenyetso bya Marburg ni ibihe?

Ibimenyetso by’ibanze bya Marburg birasa n’iby’izindi ndwara nka malaria, tifoyide, mugiga n’izindi ndwara zitera umuriro mwinshi. Ibyo bimenyetso ni umuriro mwinshi, kubabara umutwe mu buryo bukabije, kubabara imikaya, umunaniro, kuruka no gucibwamo.

Ni ryari ibimenyetso bigaragara?

Ibimenyetso bya Marburg bigaragara hagati y’iminsi 3 na 21 nyuma yo kwandura.

Marburg ipimwa ite?

Virusi ya Marburg ipimwa hifashishijwe ikizamini cya laboratwari kizwa nka PCR.

Indwara ya Marburg ishobora kuvurwa?

Virusi ya Marburg nta muti uzwi ifite, gusa kuri ubu hari imiti 2 yatangiye gukoreshwa mu kwita ku barwaye Marburg. Iyi miti ni: Remdesivir na Monoclonal antibodies. Hari kandi n’urukingo rw’ubutabazi “cAd3” rurimo guhabwa abibasiwe kurusha abandi barimo abaganga n’abandi bakora muri serivisi z’ubuvuzi.

Umuntu ashobora kugerageza kwivura Marburg atavuye iwe mu rugo?

Oya ntabwo bishoboka, kwivurira mu rugo ntibishobora kuvura indwara ya Marburg. Mu gihe habayeho kugaragaza ibimenyetso ni ngombwa kwihutira gugahamagara 114 kugira ngo uhabwe ubufasha.

Ni ba nde bafite ibyago byinshi byo kwandura indwara ya Marburg?

Abakozi bo kwa muganga, abagira aho bahurira n’umubiri w’uwitabye Imana azize Marburg mu gihe cyo gushyingura cyangwa abafite aho bahurira n’umuntu warwaye Marburg kandi wagaragaje ibimenyetso.

Ni gute twakwirinda indwara ya Marburg?

Twirinde kwegerana n’abantu bafite ibimenyetso bya Marburg kandi twirinde kwegera umubiri w’uwazize iyi virusi. Dukaze ingamba z’isuku zirimo gukaraba intoki ndetse twubahirize n’izindi ngamba zashyizweho na Guverinoma.

Nakora iki mu gihe menye ko nahuye n’umuntu wanduye iyi virusi ya marburg?

Niba warahuye n’umuntu wanduye iyi ndwara iterwa na virusi ya Marburg, bivuze ko:

Wabaye mu cyumba kimwe cyangwa mu nzu irimo umurwayi wa Marburg (mu gihe yari arwaye cyangwa se amaze gupfa)
Warwariye mu bitaro bimwe n’umurwayi wa Marburg
Wasangiye ibikoresho cyangwa se ukora ahaba harasigaye amatembabuzi y’umurwayi wa Marburg
Wahuye n’umurwayi ufite virusi ya Marburg

Ihutire guhamagara umurongo wa Minisiteri y’Ubuzima 114 ubundi ukurikize amabwiriza.

Nakora iki mu gihe ngomba kwitabira cyangwa se maze kwitabira imihango yo gushyingura ukekwaho cyangwa wishwe n’indwara iterwa na virusi ya marburg?

Kurara no gukura ikiriyo cy’uwazize indwara ya Marburg ntabwo byemewe mu rwego rwo kwirinda ikwirakwizwa ry‘iyi virusi.
Imihango yo gushyingura uwishwe na virusi ya Marburg yitabirwa n’umubare muto wagenwe n’amabwiriza yashyizweho na Minisiteri y’Ubuzima.
Imihango yo gusezera no gusabira uwishwe n’iyo ndwara iterwa na virusi ya Marburg ntiyemewe mu ngo, mu nsengero no mu misigiti. Iyi mihango izajya ibera ahagenwe n’ibitaro cyangwa amavuriro kandi yitabirwe n’abantu bake.

Mu gihe witabiriye Imihango yo gushyingura, ni ingenzi ko ukaraba intoki ukoresheje amazi meza n’isabuni:

Mbere na nyuma yo gushyingura
Mbere na nyuma yo kurya cyangwa se gukora ahari ho hose mu gace kabereyemo umuhango wo gushyingura.

Haba hari ingamba zihagarika ingendo, ubucuruzi cyangwa se ibindi bikorwa?

Abari mu bikorwa by’ubucuruzi n’ubukerarugendo barasabwa kubahiriza ingamba zose z’isuku zashyizweho nko gushyiraho ahakarabirwa intoki no gukoresha imiti isukura intoki, gupima umuriro ababagana, no gutunganya neza inyubako zabo. Cyakora, niba ufite ibimenyetso bya Marburg, irinde kujya ahahurirwa n’abantu benshi ahubwo uhamagare 114 kugira ngo uhabwe ubufasha ukeneye.

Ese ingendo ziva cyangwa zijya mu Rwanda ziremewe?

Abagenzi bose bava mu Rwanda basabwa kuzuza ifishi y’isuzuma ry’amakuru ku bimenyetso bya Marburg mu masaha 24 abanziriza urugendo mu rwego rwo gusigasira ubuzima bw’abandi bagenzi. Bagomba kwitegura kandi gupimwa umuriro hakoreshejwe kamera zabugenewe, ndetse no gusukura intoki zabo neza hifashishijwe imiti isukura intoki.

Niba warahuye n’uwanduye Marburg ntiwemerewe gukora urugendo hatarashira iminsi 21 nyuma yo guhura n’uwanduye, cyangwa mu gihe waba ufite ibimenyetso by’uburwayi.

Ese biremewe gutumiza cg kwitabira inama?

Yego. Inama n’ibindi bikorwa by’ubucuruzi bizakomeza gukorwa nk’uko bisanzwe mu Rwanda. Niba uteganya cyangwa urimo gutegura kwitabira inama izabera mu Rwanda, komeza imyiteguro, ingamba z’ingenzi z’ubwirinzi zarateganyijwe kandi zizashyirwa mu bikorwa kugira ngo inama ikorwe neza.

Ukeneye ayandi makuru cyangwa igihe ubonye kimwe cyangwa byinshi mu bimenyetso, hamagara 114 cyangwa 912.

N’iki cyakorwa habonetse umurwayi ugaragaza ibimenyetso bya Marburg mu nama?

Haramutse hagaragaye umurwayi ugaragaza ibimenyetso bya Marburg mu gikorwa cyangwa inama yateguwe, azashyirwa mu kato ahateganyijwe afatwe ibipimo kugira ngo hemezwe koko niba afite iyi virusi.

Ibizamini nibyemeza ko uwitabiriye inama afite iyi virus, azahita ajyanwa ahavurirwa abarwayi ba virusi ya Marburg kandi abahuye na we bose bashyirwe mu kato mu gihe cy’iminsi 21.

Inama izakomeza gukorwa hubahirizwa ingamba zose z’ubwirinzi.

Ukeneye ayandi makuru cyangwa igihe ubonye kimwe cyangwa byinshi mu bimenyetso, hamagara 114 cyangwa 912.

Ibyo wamenya ku rukingo rwa virusi ya MARBURG

Ese uru rukingo rurizewe?

Uru rukingo rurizewe kandi rugeze ahashimishije ku cyiciro cya kabiri cy’igeragezwa. Rwakoreshejwe mu bindi bihugu nka Uganda ndetse na Kenya mu kwezi kwa Cumi mu mwaka wa 2023. Kugeza ubu, nta kibazo kibazo rwari rwateza ku barufashe. Hari inkingo zakozwe ku cyiciro cya mbere ndetse n’icya kabiri kandi zose zagaragaje ko uru rukingo rwizewe.

Kuki ari ngombwa kwikingiza?

Gukingirwa bigabanya cyane ibyago byo kwandura virusi ya Marburg. Abantu bakingiwe, ntibakunze kugira ibibazo bikomeye no kuzahazwa n’iyi ndwara. Ibyavuye mu cyiciro cya mbere cy’igeragezwa ry’uru rukingo ryakozwe n’inzego z’ubuzima, byagaragaje ko rwongera ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri kugeza kuri 70% by’abaruhawe mu gihe cy’ibyumweru 48.

Ni inde ugomba gukingirwa?

Umuntu wese urengeje imyaka 18 ashobora gukingirwa ariko kugeza ubu, haherewe ku bibasiwe kurusha abanda bagizwe n’abaganga n’abandi bakora muri serivisi z’ubuvuzi.

Ese uru rukingo rushobora kuntera uburwayi?

Uru rukingo rukozwe mu bintu byahinduriwe imiterere ku buryo rutatera uruhawe uburwayi.

Ni izihe ngaruka urukingo rwa virusi ya Marburg rushobora gutera?

Urukingo rwa virusi ya Marburg rwakozwe n’Ikigo cya Sabin Cyo muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika gisanzwe gikora inkingo n’imiti, kugeza ubu ntabwo ruragaragaza ingaruka rushobora gutera kandi isuzumwa riracyakomeje.
Nk’uko bigenda ku zindi nkingo, hashobora kubaho kugira umuriro byoroheje igihe umuntu amaze gukingirwa.

Amakuru y’ingenzi ku ducurama
turya imbuto (fruit bats)

Uducurama turya imbuto duteye dute?

Uducurama turya imbuto, ni ubwoko bwihariye bw’uducurama, dukunze kuba ari tunini ugereranije n’udusanzwe.
By’umwihariko, uducurama turya imbuto, tuzwi nka Rousettus aegyptiacus, tuzwi ho gucumbikira virusi ya Marburg mu mubiri watwo.