Marburg ni indwara ikomeye kandi ishobora guhitana ubuzima bw’uyirwaye ikaba iterwa na virusi na yo yitwa Marburg. Yagaragaye bwa mbere mu mujyi wa Marburg mu gihugu cy’Ubudage ahagana mu mwaka wa 1967.

Umuntu wa mbere yagaragaweho virusi ya Marburg mu Rwanda ku itariki 27 Nzeli 2024.

Virusi ya Marburg yandura binyuze mu gukora ku matembabuzi cyangwa amaraso by’umuntu uyirwaye cyangwa se binyuze mu gukora ku bintu n’ahantu ayo matembabuzi yageze. Umuntu wanduye Marburg ariko akaba ataragaragaza ibimenyetso ntabwo aba afite ibyago byinshi byo kwanduza.

Virusi ya Marburg ishobora kuguma ku bikoresho byakoreshejwe n’uyirwaye cyangwa ahandi hantu ikahamara igihe kiri hagati y’iminsi 4 n’iminsi 5.

Mu gihe agapfukamunwa n’uturindantoki bishobora gufasha mu gukumira indwara zitandukanye, ntabwo ibi bikoresho byombi ari ngombwa mu gukumira ubwandu bwa Marburg. Virusi ya Marburg yandurira mu gukora ku matembabuzi y’uyirwaye, itandukanye na virusi ya Covid19 ishobora kwandurira mu mwuka.

Indwara ya Marburg yica uwayanduye ku kigero cya 50%. Ariko mu byorezo by’iyi ndwara biheruka kugaragara yahitanye abayanduye ku kigero kiri hagati ya 24% na 90%. Kugana ivuriro mu maguru mashya, byongera cyane amahirwe yo gukira.

Ibimenyetso bya Marburg bigaragara hagati y’iminsi 3 na 21 nyuma yo kwandura

Virusi ya Marburg ipimwa hifashishijwe ikizamini cya laboratwari kizwi nka PCR.

Nta buvuzi bwihariye cyangwa urukingo byari byaboneka uyu munsi icyakora harageragezwa imiti n’inkingo kandi bigeze ku rwego rushimishije. Ubuvuzi bworoshya ibimenyetso nibwo butangwa kandi iyo butanzwe hakiri kare bwongera amahirwe yo gukira.

Oya ntabwo bishoboka. Kwivurira mu rugo ntibishobora kuvura indwara ya Marburg. Mu gihe habayeho kugaragaza ibimenyetso ni ngombwa kwihutira ku ivuriro riri hafi cyangwa ugahamagara umurongo wa Minisiteri y’Ubuzima 114 kugira ngo uhabwe ubufasha.

Abakozi bo kwa muganga, abagira aho bahurira n’umubiri w’uwitabye Imana azize Marburg mu gihe cyo gushyingura cyangwa abafite aho bahurira n’umuntu warwaye Marburg kandi wagaragaje ibimenyetso.

Niba warahuye n’umuntu wanduye iyi ndwara iterwa na virusi ya marburg, bivuze ko:

• Wabaye mu cyumba kimwe cyangwa mu nzu irimo umurwayi wa marburg (mu gihe yari arwaye cyangwa se amaze gupfa)
• Warwariye mu bitaro bimwe n’umurwayi wa marburg
• Wasangiye ibikoresho cyangwa se ukora ahaba harasigaye amatembabuzi y’umurwayi wa marburg
• Wahuye n’umurwayi ufite virusi ya marburg

Ihutire guhamagara umurongo wa Minisiteri y’Ubuzima 114 cyangwa ugane ikigo nderabuzima kikwegereye ubundi ukurikize amabwiriza.

• Kurara no gukura ikiriyo cy’uwazize indwara ya Marburg ntabwo byemewe mu rwego rwo kwirinda ikwirakwizwa ry‘iyi virusi.
• Imihango yo gushyingura uwishwe na virusi ya marburg yitabirwa n’umubare muto wagenwe n’amabwiriza yashyizweho na Minisiteri y’Ubuzima.
• Imihango yo gusezera no gusabira uwishwe n’iyo ndwara iterwa na virusi ya marburg ntiyemewe mu ngo, mu nsengero no mu misigiti. Iyi mihango izajya ibera ahagenwe n’ibitaro cyangwa amavuriro kandi yitabirwe n’abantu bake.

Mu gihe witabiriye imihango yo gushyingura, ni ingenzi ko ukaraba intoki ukoresheje amazi meza n’isabune:

• Mbere na nyuma yo gushyingura
• Mbere na nyuma yo kurya cyangwa se gukora ahari ho hose mu gace kabereyemo umuhango wo gushyingura.

Marburg virus disease (MVD) is a severe, often fatal illness caused by the Marburg virus. It was first identified in 1967 in Marburg, Germany.

The first case of Marburg virus disease was detected in Rwanda on Friday, 27 September 2024.

Marburg virus spreads through close contact with bodily fluids such as blood or contaminated surfaces of infected individuals. Asymptomatic individuals are unlikely to transmit the virus.

The Marburg virus can stay on surfaces or objects used by an infected person for 4 to 5 days.

While wearing a face mask or gloves can help prevent the spread of other diseases, it is not considered necessary for preventing Marburg virus transmission. Unlike COVID-19, Marburg is primarily transmitted through direct contact with bodily fluids, not through the air.

The average mortality rate of Marburg virus disease is 50%, but it has varied from 24% to 90% in past outbreaks. Seeking medical attention at an early stage improves the chances of recovery.

Initial symptoms resemble malaria, typhoid fever, shigellosis, meningitis, and other viral hemorrhagic fevers. Symptoms include high fever, severe headaches, muscle aches, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.

The interval from infection to the onset of symptoms varies from 3 to 21 days.

Only a PCR lab test can confirm the infection.

Currently, there is no specific treatment or vaccine available, but some are in advanced development stages. Early supportive care, including providing adequate hydration, pain management, and treatment of symptoms as they arise under professional care, remains the safest and most effective way to manage Marburg virus disease.

No, home remedies are not effective in treating or managing Marburg virus disease. If you experience any symptoms, please seek immediate medical attention at your nearest health centre or call 114.

Healthcare workers and those involved in burial ceremonies and direct contact with the body of an infected person are at increased risk.

Avoid close contact with symptomatic persons and the body of someone who died infected by the Marburg virus. Enhance hygiene, including handwashing, and follow other preventive measures recommended by the government.

If you’ve been in close contact with someone with Marburg virus disease, meaning you:

• Lived in the same household or room as a Marburg patient (while they were sick or after they passed away)
• Were admitted to a health facility where a Marburg patient was also present
• Shared objects or touched surfaces that may have been contaminated with bodily fluids from a Marburg patient
• Have met someone confirmed positive for the Marburg virus

Immediately call 114 or go to your nearest health centre and follow instructions.

• In the event of death caused by Marburg, wakes and home vigils (Ikiriyo) will not be permitted to prevent the spread of the virus.
• Funeral services where the cause of death was identified to be Marburg virus Disease, will be conducted and attended by a limited number of people as per the guidelines.
• Open-casket viewings are not permitted in homes, churches, or mosques. They will only be held in a designated area within the health facility premises, with a limited number of people.

If you are attending the burial, it is essential that you wash your hands with soap and water:

• before and after the burial, and
• before and after eating and after touching any surfaces in the area where the burial took place.

No, there are no restrictions currently. You are encouraged to continue your daily routines, including using public transport and attending gatherings. However, if you experience any Marburg virus symptoms, please avoid public places and seek medical attention immediately at your nearest health centre

Yes, you can currently travel to or out of Rwanda without any restrictions. However, we advise you to follow all preventive measures recommended by the government.