The Increasing Burden of HIV-Associated Malignancies in Resource-Limited Regions

Cancer is increasingly recognized as a complication of HIV infection inboth resource-rich and resource-limited areas. The traditional AIDSdefiningcancers, including Kaposi sarcoma, cervical cancer, and non-Hodgkin lymphoma, have become common comorbidities afflictingHIV-positive individuals and lack adequate prevention and managementoptions. Additionally, several non-AIDS-defining cancers haveincreased in incidence in resource-limited regions, including Hodgkinlymphoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, and lung cancer.This review outlinesthe epidemiology of HIV-associated malignancies in resourcepoorand resource-rich areas, including the impact of highly active antiretroviraltherapy on the incidence of these cancers. The pathogenesisof HIV-associated cancers is considered in relation to potential strategiesfor their prevention and treatment.